Porteur de projet : Projet d’approvisionnement en eau et assainissement dans le bassin du lac victoria
Programme sectoriel dans lequel s’inscrit le projet / CDN: Programme Sectoriel N° 10 : Projet d’approvisionnement en eau et
assainissement : Élaboration d’un plan d’investissement pour 15 centres.
Secteur d’activité du projet: Les pays de la communauté est- africaine (EAC) se sont accordés pour créer un mécanisme de contrôle pour mieux gérer les ressources hydrauliques du Lac Victoria.
La convention, que les pays de l’EAC ont accepté de conclure avec promptitude, demandera aux pays membres de développer et d’appliquer une politique d’échappement de l’eau qui les lie légalement sur le Lac Victoria et son bassin.
Objectifs: The Lake Victoria Basin covers an area of some 250 square kilometres (km2) of which the lake surface covers some 68,000 km2 . It is home to an estimated 35 million population and its territory falls within all five members of the East African Community, although only Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania share the shoreline of the lake. 1.1.2 It is estimated that between 200 and 300 settlements in the basin constitute secondary towns that range in size from 5,000 to over 50,000 in population. These are settlements smaller than the capital and the primary cities, and serving to link these and the rural areas but lacking in many advantages of either. Median values of populations of these centres differ from country to country. The larger amongst them range between 15,000 and 20,000 in Tanzania, 35,000 to 50,000 in Kenya and 20,000 to 35,000 in Uganda. Subject to
confirmation figures for Burundi are 10,000 and for Rwanda are between 45,000 and 80,000. 1.1.3 The special needs of these centres led the Ministers of Water of the EAC to request UN-HABITAT to assist in formulating an initiative to address these needs on a multi-national level in view of their impacts on the Lake Victoria. The LVWATSAN Initiative was inaugurated in 2004 and led to initiation of efforts in seven secondary towns in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The overall goal of the Lake Victoria Region Water and Sanitation Initiative (LVWATSAN) is to meet the millennium development goal (MDG) targets in water and sanitation in the project towns and to ensure the long term sustainability of the physical interventions. 1.1.4 The programme comprises an integrated package of interventions, including water supply and sanitation improvements, solid waste management, drainage improvements in key areas, as well as capacity building and training. The implementation strategy for the Programme is based on a three-phased approach with the first phase comprising immediate interventions which are designed to address the most urgent water and sanitation needs in the seven towns. The second phase will focus on training and capacity building while the third phase will address long term interventions. 1.1.5 With the establishment of the Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) this responsibility now falls on the Basin Commission while HABITAT continues with support. Following the successful start of the initiative as shown above the Community considers it appropriate to expand the programme to cover more towns in a progressive manner until all the secondary towns in the basin attain the MDGs in respect to WATSAN 1.1.6 The proposed preparation project is therefore intended to define an expansion of the regional water and sanitation initiative to fifteen more centres that would include towns in the new community members in Rwanda and Burundi. 1.1.7 The East African Commission Secretariat sent a request to the African Water Facility through a letter dated August 23, 2007. The Facility then fielded an Appraisal Mission between September 19 and October 3, 2007 which has prepared the present report based on consultations with the Lake Victoria Basin Commission as the Executing Agency named
by the East African Community and UN-HABITAT in Nairobi and Kisumu. During the mission the need to strengthen LBVC with a Technical Assistant to execute the project was identified.
Problem Definition 1.3.1 The rapidly growing secondary towns in the Lake Victoria Basin are playing an important role in the development of the economy of the region and in providing non-agricultural employment to the population. But most of these towns are experiencing unplanned, spontaneous growth and their sustainability is seriously threatened by the run-down and often non-existent basic infrastructure and services.
The most affected are the poor living in urban and peri-urban areas, most of whom remain outside the reach of municipal services. Official statistics do not reveal the underlying causes of the unplanned urban development and the intense pressure on basic infrastructure which impose significant impacts on both the living and natural environments and, importantly, on the fragile ecosystem of the Lake. 1.3.2 The lake is a major trans-boundary natural resource that is heavily utilized by its bordering countries for fisheries, transportation, tourism, water supply and waste disposal. Its outflow is an important component of the Nile. In recognition of the of the challenges presented by the rapid urbanisation in the basin, the exploitation of the natural resources and its relationship to livelihoods and poverty, the East African Community has formulated a framework to reverse the deteriorating conditions in the Lake. A Protocol on Sustainable Development of the Lake Victoria Basin signed in November 2003 and ratified in November 2004 sets out an agreement of cooperation in a number of key areas that include improvement in of public health with specific reference to sanitation.
1.3.3 In 2005, the EAC Secretariat published its “Vision and Strategy Framework for Management and Development of Lake Victoria Basin”, a document which essentially establishes a shared vision and a long term strategic plan for the sustainable
management of the resources of the Lake Victoria Basin and the LVWATSAN EXPANSION PREPARATION 4 economic development of the region. The Framework outlines sectoral strategies in five policy areas, i) Ecosystems , Natural Resources and Environment, ii) Production and Income Generation, iii) Living Conditions, Poverty and Quality of Life, iv) Population and Demography, and v) Governance, Institutions and Policies. 1.3.4 Within the third policy area entitled Living Conditions and Quality of Life, cross-cutting strategies are developed under five key themes of (i) vulnerability and poverty alleviation (ii) Water Supply and Sanitation (iii) Health Services (iv) Education and Training (v) Infrastructure. Key indicators in respect of the Water Supply and Sanitation are increase in the number of communities with safe and clean water and increase in the number of communities with proper sanitation. In this way the members of the Community have collectively identified the sector of water and sanitation as a key area of cooperation in respect of the Lake Victoria Basin. 1.3.5 By 2004 UN-HABITAT,
in consultation with national and local authorities and local stakeholders, had undertaken an initial assessment to identify water and sanitation investment and related capacity building needs in 30 pre-selected secondary towns in the Lake region, through questionnaires, interviews and town hall meetings. Overall, the assessment revealed that in all the urban centres, lack of water and sanitation was a major problem, especially in low-income settlements The coverage levels of water, sanitation and waste management services were often little better that 20-30%, though the current “official” statistics, which are based on inappropriate indicators, grossly underestimate the crisis. 1.3.6 The assessment concluded that the secondary towns in the Lake region urgently needed a strategic water and sanitation initiative that would address the water and sanitation needs of the people, particularly the poor, in an integrated manner, taking into account the physical planning needs of these towns together with attention to drainage and solid waste management as an integral part of environmental sanitation. 1.3.7 In order to implement the initiative it is necessary to progressively identify needs and define investment programmes to cover first the most pressing needs in terms of rehabilitation and rationalization of existing facilities, then addressing the capacity building needs, as well as the medium to long term physical expansion needs. The present project is consequently directed at the next set of towns to follow on the initial group of seven Beneficiaries and Stakeholders 1.4.1 The principal beneficiaries of the overall development that would result from the preparation project will of course be the underand the un-served women, men and children in the secondary urban centres,. Particular interventions will be designed to address marginalised groups, especially particularly the poor. Water user groups would also benefit directly as a consequence of their being
supported to get organized as part of the initiative. Other beneficiaries of the project include local communities, water user groups, NGOs and CBOs, WATSAN Service Providers, Advisors and Policy Makers, Municipal Authorities and Sector Professionals..
1.4.2 The immediate beneficiaries of the preparation project are the local institutions and organizations responsible for service provision, which will benefit from a detailed understanding of needs and opportunities for developments, detailed designs of the immediate works and subsequently the enhanced capacity and more efficient operation.
They include the direct services providers such as the water utility agencies and local governments in the different territories. Key secondary beneficiaries include NGOs and CBOs who in the future are expected to play an increasing role in service provision; newly formed utilities under the sector reform process; small-scale service providers providing services to the poor; local agencies responsible for environmental monitoring; and local government bodies in areas of development planning and regulatory functions.
Etat des lieux: Mars 2008 – La Communauté de l’Afrique de l’Est (CAE) a bénéficié d’un don 1 million d’euros afin d’identifier un ensemble d’interventions intégré en faveur du développement à long terme des services d’approvisionnement en eau et d’assainissement et de gestion environnementale dans 15 villes secondaires/centres prioritaires, notamment l’amélioration de l’alimentation en eau et de l’assainissement, la gestion des déchets solides, et l’amélioration du drainage dans les zones clés. Plus spécifiquement, le projet aidera les villes secondaires prioritaires du Bassin du Lac Victoria à identifier leurs besoins en eau et en assainissement immédiats et à long terme, en prenant en compte les exigences écologiques du lac et de ses tributaires, et à définir des solutions en termes de conceptions détaillées et de programme d’investissement pour le financement, avec l’aide des administrations régionales et des agences d’appui extérieures.
Justification du projet: Sectoral Priorities 1.2.1 The five East African countries are undergoing radical water sector reforms aimed at promoting good governance and improving the performance of the sector. The reform process has broadly followed a similar route: separation of water services and water resource management activities; separation of asset-holding and development from service provision and regulatory activities; decentralization and devolution of responsibilities to the lowest practical level (subsidiary); improvement of transparency through increased civic engagement; reduction of political interference at all levels through the introduction of commercialised operations; and public-private partnerships, where appropriate. 1.2.2 Kenya adopted a new Water Act in 2002, separating the roles of all the stakeholders whose activities touch on the use, management and development of water services. The Water Act 2002 is currently being implemented and the new institutions, which have been established, are currently recruiting core staff internally. Through the Economic Recovery Strategy Paper (2003- 2007), provision of safe water supply and sanitation have been identified as cross cutting issues on the way to achieving the country’s socio-economic goals. The paper highlights the fact that as a water scarce country, Kenya needs institutional reforms (as stipulated in the Water Act 2002) in this sector and increased investment in water and sanitation infrastructure to manage the scarce supply and meet the demands of the growing population. 1.2.3 In Tanzania’s Revised Water Policy of 2002 and the National Water Sector Development Strategy 2005 to 2015, the management of water supply and sanitation activities has been decentralized to the lowest appropriate levels. The water policy together with the ongoing sector reforms stipulate that water is considered a basic right and all should have equitable access to, and adequate sustainable supply of, clean safe water both in rural and urban areas. The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) and the PRSP (2000) also consider water as a basic right and all should have equitable access to, and adequate sustainable supply of, clean safe water both in rural and urban areas. 1.2.4 In Uganda, the aims of the sector reform are: to ensure that water supply and sanitation services are provided with increased performance and cost effectiveness, and to reduce the government’s financial burden without compromising the provision of equitable and sustainable services. The first step in the reform process was to strengthen the regulatory framework, and to provide a basis for cost-recovery, through the introduction of the 1999 National Water Policy. The sector reform process in Uganda has been participatory, with strong links to the PRSP process, and thus to the Government’s objective of poverty alleviation. The Country Strategy for attaining the MDG for the water and sanitation sector (2003) and the Poverty Eradication Action Plan – PRSP (2000) call for support to the sector through capacity building and LVWATSAN EXPANSION PREPARATION 3 implementing water and sanitation services for the marginalized urban poor (section 4.3.2 in Country Strategy report). 1.2.5 Burundi has developed a national Water Action Plan from as far back as 1992, and has recently concluded the National Water Resources Management Policy. Principles of water resources management have also been incorporated in a number of official documents for cross-cutting sectors, including the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper – PRSP (2006) which calls for the development of water sources and rehabilitation of potable water supply systems; strengthening water production facilities; strengthening existing sanitation programs and their expansion nationwide; promotion of community management of water supply; including training and informing populations about hygiene and sanitation techniques appropriate to their environment. 1.2.6 Rwanda has a National Policy Paper on Water from 1996. Water resources management issues are also covered in the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper – PRSP (2002). The PRSP (2002) sets out the main objectives in water and sanitation sector, including: i) to improve the water supply and extend its network; ii) to encourage community management of water supply; iii) to increase access to sanitation services; iv) to develop a sector strategy; and v) to build capacity at the central and district levels.
Impacts environnementaux et développements durables:
2.1 Impacts 2.1.1 The overall goal of this preparation project is to assist high priority secondary towns of the Lake Victoria Basin to develop water supply and sanitation infrastructure and so contribute to contribute to improvement in the health and
livelihoods of their residents. This goal will be achieved through definition of a holistic development path that integrates physical growth of services with the development of capacity of both the institutions dealing with the service and the communities benefiting there from. 2.1.2 As a result of the project,the national agencies charged with responsibility for asset holding in the selected towns in the Lake Victoria Region will have the capacity to secure funding for, and execute, the development of physical infrastructure and human and institutional capacity. As a result the townswill be on track to achieve the MDG targets for water and sanitation by 2015, in terms of water supply and sanitation coverage, improved health and livelihood of the population through improved water and sanitation services and improved water quality in the Lake Victoria
and its key tributaries.
2.2 Outcomes 2.2.1 The objective of the project is therefore to assist the high priority secondary towns in the Lake Victoria Basin identify their immediate and long term needs in water and sanitation taking, into consideration the ecological demands of the lake and its tributaries and to define solutions in terms of the detailed designs of immediate works and the long term investment program for financing with the aid of regional Governments and external support agencies.
2.2.2 The key outcomes of the project outputs below are (i) detailed designs of the immediate works and (ii) validated investment plans consisting of a description of the proposed physical interventions in the form of preliminary designs of the long term programme and detailed designs of the immediate works, capacity building programmes for each project town as well as the estimated costs, financing and implementation schedule. 2.2.3 The designs and investment plans will be used to
formulate a project proposal to be submitted to prospective funding agencies that will include the African Development Bank Group, and will include Social and Environmental Management Plans and Implementation Manuals. 2.3 Outputs 2.3.1 The
key outputs of the project formulation process include the following: Sector Context 2.3.2 The review activity will have as an output the documentation and analysis of the sector context of the project in terms of national policies and goals, institutional
structures.. Priority Needs-Consensus and Specifications 2.3.3 Documentation of areas requiring immediate attention in the project towns together with detailed specifications of these works in such a way as to permit invitation of bids will the as a result of activities involving the identification of needs and preparation of designs below.
Investment Plans. 2.3.4 Detailed investment plans at each town aggregated to the project at the level of the basin will be a result of processes and activities consisting of identification of long term demands, development of alternative solutions and selection of the best based on a multi-criteria analysis and preparation of statement of work and cost estimates. Investment plans shall cover priority areas in each of the sectors of water and sanitation including solid waste and storm-water drainage and will consist of physical solution with appropriate balance of demand management and supply augmentation as well as institutional and community capacity development.
Institutional, Financial, Economic, Environmental, Social and Gender Impacts Appraisal 2.3.5 This output shall consist in a detailed appraisal of the impacts of the project on the institutional financial economic environmental social and gender spheres. Through an iterative process, any negative aspects would lead to revision of related areas of the investment plan.
Financing and Implementation Plan 2.3.6 The implementation and financing plan will be a detailed presentation of the execution arrangements of the investment plan in term of institutional responsibilities and suggested financing terms taking into consideration the nature of each component of work. It will include the implementation schedule. A monitoring and evaluation and reporting framework 2.3.7 The last output will be framework for monitoring and evaluation of the programme proposed, including requirements for reporting to stakeholders. It shall be results-oriented and include available baseline information as well as definition of means for collection of data during implementation, which may include additional baseline information just prior to commencement.
Coût total en Euros: 68 440 000
Durée du projet: 6 ans
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